Pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of nodular sclerosis grade 2 of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of nodular sclerosis grade 2 of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL-NS2) in our cancer center. Methods: A retrospective collection of 23 cases of cHL-NS2 admitted in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from July 2008 to April 2019 was performed. Fifty-five cases of nodular sclerosis grade 1 of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL-NS1) during the same period were selected as control group. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for survival. Results: The median age of 23 cases of cHL-NS2 was 30 years old. Five cases had extra nodal invasion, and 19 cases were Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage based on Ann Arbor system. The pathological morphology of cHL-NS2 showed that the lymph node structure was completely destroyed and was divided into nodules by thick collagen. The tumor cells in the nodules were abundant and proliferated in sheets. The boundaries between the tumor cells were not clear. The incidence of tumor necrosis in cHL-NS2 was 43.5% (10/23), which was significantly higher than 18.2% (10/55) in cHL-NS1 (P=0.040). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of patients in the cHL-NS2 group was 58.1%, which was significantly lower than 89.7% in the cHL-NS1 group (P=0.002). In all of 78 cases, the 3-year PFS rate of patients who did not obtain complete response (CR) was 67.1%, which was significantly lower than 92.2% in patients who achieved CR (P=0.030). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both cHL-NS2 and failure to obtain CR by first-line treatment were independent indicators for short PFS time (P<0.05). Conclusions: In cHL-NS2, the morphology of tumor cells are diverse, and tumor necrosis can be easily found. Under the current first-line treatments of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP), cHL-NS2 is an independent indicator for worse PFS.

Evaluación del tratamiento de linfangiomas con bleomicina en población pediátrica de 0 a 18 años / Evaluation of the treatment of lymphangiomas with bleomycin in a pediatric population aged 0 to 18 years

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los linfangiomas son una malformación infrecuente a escala mundial y constituye una preocupación para los padres del infante; está asociado a problemas estéticos y a posibles efectos deletéreos debido a la obstrucción o compresión de órganos vitales. Se ha descrito a la escleroterapia como la mejor opción de tratamiento. OBJETIVO. Determinar la eficiencia del tratamiento con bleomicina en linfangiomas en la población pediátrica de 0 a 18 años. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal analítico retrospectivo. Población y muestra conocida de 20 datos de Historias Clínicas electrónicas de pacientes diagnosticados con linfangiomas y tratados con bleomicina en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, desde enero 2015 a enero 2018. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes de 0 a 18 años de edad con diagnóstico de linfangioma mediante ecografía y angiotomografía computarizada. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad o sospecha diagnóstica de linfangioma sin estudios de imagen, y/o que no acudieron a la cita de control, pacientes diagnosticados de linfangioma que no recibieron bleomicina para su tratamiento, niños con otras malformaciones vasculares. El análisis de datos se realizó en el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTADOS. La mediana de edad en mujeres fue de 6,25 años y 3,8 años en hombres. 10 pacientes fueron hombres. El promedio de seguimiento fue de 26,86 +/- 16,78 meses. El tamaño promedio de los linfangiomas fue de 5,77 +/- 3,73 cm. La localización más frecuente fue cervical con un 52,38%. La mayoría fueron macronodulares con un 85,71%. La respuesta fue buena o excelente en el 81,00% de los casos con la primera infiltración y subió al 95,00% con la segunda y tercera, según requerimiento. CONCLUSIÓN. El tratamiento de los linfangiomas con bleomicina fue muy efectivo en la población estudiada.

INTRODUCTION. Lymphatic malformation is a rare malformation worldwide and is a concern for the parents of the infant; it is associated with aesthetic problems and possible deleterious effects due to obstruction or compression of vital organs. Sclerotherapy has been described as the best treatment option. OBJECTIVE. To determine the efficiency of bleomycin treatment in lymphangiomas in the pediatric population aged 0 to 18 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Population and known sample of 20 data from Electronic Medical Records of patients diagnosed with lymphangiomas and treated with bleomycin at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, from January 2015 to January 2018. Inclusion criteria: patients aged 0 to 18 years with diagnosis of lymphangioma by ultrasound and computed angiotomography. Exclusion criteria: patients older than 18 years of age or diagnostic suspicion of lymphangioma without imaging studies, and/or who did not attend the control appointment, patients diagnosed with lymphangioma who did not receive bleomycin for treatment, children with other vascular malformations. Data analysis was performed in the statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS. The median age in women was 6,25 years and 3,8 years in men. Ten patients were men. The average follow-up was 26,86 +/- 16,78 months. The average size of the lymphatic malformations was 5,77 +/- 3,73 cm. The most frequent location was cervical with 52,38%. Most were macronodular with 85,71%. The response was good or excellent in 81,00% of cases with the first infiltration and rose to 95,00% with the second and third, as required. CONCLUSION. The treatment of lymphangiomas with bleomycin was very effective in the population studied.

Uso de bleomicina en el manejo del derrame pleural recidivante maligno / Bleomycin in the management of malignant recurrent pleural effusion

Introducción: El derrame pleural recidivante maligno se reproduce en breve tiempo y requiere el diagnóstico etiológico positivo de malignidad, la etiología más frecuente es el cáncer de pulmón. La pleurodesis química es el tratamiento de elección con la aplicación intrapleural de sustancias sinfisiantes. Objetivo: Describir la respuesta clínica y radiológica de los enfermos con derrame pleural recidivante maligno con el uso de bleomicina. Método: Estudio observacional comparativo en 30 pacientes con derrame pleural recidivante maligno divididos en dos grupos, en uno se aplicó la bleomicina intrapleural y al otro yodo povidona. Resultado: El 33,3 por ciento fueron del sexo masculino, 60 por ciento perteneció al grupo de edades de 60-69 años. El grupo tratado con bleomicina presentó una respuesta clínica favorable en los síntomas, p<0,005 después de la pleurodesis. En la evaluación de la respuesta radiológica, 66,6 por ciento pacientes tratados con la bleomicina tuvieron una resolución completa. Conclusiones: Se logró una buena respuesta clínica-radiológica con la pleurodesis química similar entre ambas modalidades de tratamiento. Se obtuvieron mejores resultados y menos reacciones adversas con la bleomicina intrapleural(AU)

Introduction: The malignant recurrent pleural effusion reproduces in short time and it requires a positive etiological diagnosis of malignancy, the most frequent etiology is lung cancer. Chemical pleurodesis is the treatment of choice with the intrapleural application of symphysiating substances. Objective: To describe the clinical and radiological response of patients with malignant recurrent pleural effusion with the use of bleomycin. Method: A comparative observational study in 30 patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion was carried out. They were divided into two groups, one used intrapleural bleomycin and the other group used povidone iodine. Result: 33.3 percent were male, 60 percent belonged to the 60-69 age group. The group treated with bleomycin presented favorable clinical response in symptoms, p <0.005 after pleurodesis. At the evaluation of the radiological response, 66.6 percent patients treated with bleomycin had a complete resolution. Conclusions: Good clinical-radiological response was achieved with similar chemical pleurodesis between both treatment modalities. Better results and fewer adverse reactions were obtained with intrapleural bleomycin(AU)

Evaluación del tratamiento de linfoma de Hodgkin con esquema ABVD en Chile / Treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: analysis of 915 patients

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma has a high rate of curability, even in advanced stages. Aim: To assess the results of Hodgkin lymphoma treatment using the ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) chemotherapy regimen. Material and Methods: Analysis of a database held by the Chilean Ministry of Health, including all patients treated at accredited cancer treatment centers. Results: Data for 915 patients, median age 35 years (range 15-86 years) and followed for a median of 97 months (range 1-347 months) were analyzed. Forty-one percent had localized disease. Overall survival at five years for localized and advanced stages was 92% and 74%, respectively. The figures for progression free survival were 87% and 64%, respectively. Patients with relapse who received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) had a five year overall survival of 92%, compared to 64% among those who did not undergo this procedure (p < 0.01). The Guarantees in Health Program set up by the Ministry of Health, was associated with earlier stage disease at diagnosis. Conclusions: The ABVD regimen achieves high rates of cure in localized stages of the disease but the results in advanced stages are not optimal. ASCT significantly improves survival in patients with relapse. The Guarantees in Health Program is associated with earlier diagnosis of the disease.

Tratamiento esclerosante del linfangioma facial. Presentación de un caso / Sclerotherapic treatment of facial lymphangioma

This article details the treatment of lymphangioma of the face with intralesional bleomycin: with a case report and literature review. Surgical treatment of lymphangioma of the face is a difficult task to achieve, due to close vicinity of the lesion to the facial nerve and possibility of scar tissue formation. Inefficient surgical removals generally will give rise to high recurrence rates because of infiltrative and diffuse extension of the lesion. However, complete cure has been described by non-surgical methods with intralesional bleomycin injection under ultrasonographic guidance. Lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, frequently seen in the head and neck. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphangioma involves the injection of sclerosing substances into the lymphangioma. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy in the treatment of lymphangioma, and to determine the incidence of complications in the treatment. Intralesional bleomycin therapy was very effective in the treatment of lymphangioma. Bleomycin administered as intralesional injection was found to be safe as there was no lesions complicating or side effects observed in the study.

The efficacy of 2-nitrovinylfuran derivatives against Leishmania in vitro and in vivo

Despite recent advances in the treatment of some forms of leishmaniasis, the available drugs are still far from ideal due to inefficacy, parasite resistance, toxicity and cost. The wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity of 2-nitrovinylfuran compounds has been described, as has their activity against Trichomonas vaginalis and other protozoa. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the antileishmanial activities of six 2-nitrovinylfurans in vitro and in a murine model of leishmaniasis. Minimum parasiticide concentration (MPC) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for these compounds against the promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis were determined, as were the efficacies of two selected compounds in an experimental model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. amazonensis in BALB/c mice. All of the compounds were active against the promastigotes of the three Leishmania species tested. IC50 and MPC values were in the ranges of 0.8-4.7 µM and 1.7-32 µM, respectively. The compounds 2-bromo-5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)-furan (furvina) and 2-bromo-5-(2-methyl-2-nitrovinyl)-furan (UC245) also reduced lesion growth in vivo at a magnitude comparable to or higher than that achieved by amphotericin B treatment. The results demonstrate the potential of this class of compounds as antileishmanial agents and support the clinical testing of Dermofural(r) (a furvina-containing antifungal ointment) for the treatment of CL.

Update on hypertrophic scar treatment

Scar formation is a consequence of the wound healing process that occurs when body tissues are damaged by a physical injury. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are pathological scars resulting from abnormal responses to trauma and can be itchy and painful, causing serious functional and cosmetic disability. The current review will focus on the definition of hypertrophic scars, distinguishing them from keloids and on the various methods for treating hypertrophic scarring that have been described in the literature, including treatments with clearly proven efficiency and therapies with doubtful benefits. Numerous methods have been described for the treatment of abnormal scars, but to date, the optimal treatment method has not been established. This review will explore the differences between different types of nonsurgical management of hypertrophic scars, focusing on the indications, uses, mechanisms of action, associations and efficacies of the following therapies: silicone, pressure garments, onion extract, intralesional corticoid injections and bleomycin. .

Cross-sectional study comparing different therapeutic modalities for cystic lymphangiomas in children

OBJECTIVE: Here, we describe our experience with different therapeutic modalities used to treat cystic lymphangiomas in children in our hospital, including single therapy with OK-432, bleomycin and surgery, and a combination of the three modalities. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients treated from 1998 to 2011. The effects on macrocystic lymphangiomas and adverse reactions were evaluated. Twenty-nine children with cystic lymphangiomas without any previous treatment were included. Under general anesthesia, patients given sclerosing agents underwent puncture of the lesion (guided by ultrasound when necessary) and complete aspiration of the intralesional liquid. The patients were evaluated with ultrasound and clinical examinations for a maximum follow-up time of 4 years. RESULTS: The proportions of patients considered cured after the first therapeutic approach were 44% in the surgery group, 29% in the bleomycin group and 31% in the OK-432 group. These proportions were not significantly different. Sequential treatment increased the rates of curative results to 71%, 74% and 44%, respectively, after the final treatment, which in our case was approximately 1.5 applications per patient. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that most patients with cystic lymphangiomas do not show complete resolution after the initial therapy, regardless of whether the therapy is surgical or involves the use of sclerosing agents. To achieve complete resolution of the lesions, either multiple operations or a combination of surgery and sclerotherapy must be used and should be tailored to the characteristics of each patient. .

Efectividad de la pleurodesis con bleomicina en pacientes con derrame pleural maligno en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins en el año 2011-2012 / Effectiveness of pleurodesis with bleomycin in patients with malignant pleural effusion at the Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins in the year 2011-2012

Introducción: El derrame pleural maligno es una importante patología en los pacientes con cáncer, el hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins tiene una amplia experiencia en el manejo de estos pacientes, la pleurodesis es un importante método terapéutico en estos pacientes. Objetivo: El objetivo del presenta estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de la pleurodesis con bleomicina en el tratamiento de los pacientes con derrame pleural maligno así como sus principales complicaciones en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante los años 2011 y 2012. Materiales y métodos: El tipo de estudio fue observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo y cuantitativo. La población muestra fueron todos los pacientes que cumplieran los criterio de inclusión a los que se realizó pleurodesis con 60 mg de bleomicina durante los años 2011 y 2012. Resultados: Se estudió a 82 pacientes, el 44 por ciento fueron hombres, edad media de 68.85; la efectividad de la Ira pleurodesis con bleomicina fue de 86.58 por ciento, en hombres (86.11 por ciento) y en mujeres (86.96 por ciento), La efectividad de la primera pleurodesis en mujeres con DPM de origen primario pulmonar, mama e indeterminado fue de 92 por ciento, 85.71 por ciento y 75 por ciento respectivamente, en los varones con DPM de origen primario pulmonar e indeterminado fue de 84 por ciento y 90.9 por ciento respectivamente no existiendo diferencia significativa entre ningún subgrupo estudiado, la efectividad de la 2da pleurodesis fue de 90.9 por ciento usando 60 mg de bleomicina; 20.57 días es la media en que se realizó la pleurodesis luego de la colocación de tubo de drenaje con una desviación estándar de 8.36, una media de 14,59 para mujeres y 17.75 para hombres, con un P: 0.2277 con un nivel de significación de 95 por ciento, 5 (6.1 por ciento) pacientes tuvieron una complicación leves 3 presentaron dolor y 2 nauseas. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el tiempo de hospitalización en los pacientes a...

Estudio comparativo de la eficacia y seguridad entre la belomicina, tetraciclina o ambas en el tratamiento d elos derrames pleurales malignos metastáticos mediante pleurodesis / Comparative study of the efficiency and safety between the belomicina, tetracycline or both in the treatment d elos pleural malignant spillages metastáticos by means of pleurodesis

Obrjetivo: Comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de los agentes esclerosantes empleados en nuestro medio en le manejo de los derrames pleurales malignos metastásicos: tetraciclina, bleomicina o su combinación. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo, asignación secuencial, comparativo. Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes que requirieron colocación de tubo de drenaje para posterior pleurodesis como manejo del derrame pleural maligno metatásicos durante el periódo de julio a diciembre del 2006. Los agentes a comparar fueron la tetraciclina sola, la bleomicina sola o el uso combinado de ambas. En todos los casos el seguimiento prospectivo se hizo con al realizacion de una radiografía de tórax cada 30 días por un periódo de 180 días para cada paciente (Agosto 2006 - Junio 2007). Se analizaron los datos comparando la sobrevida, los efectos adversos relacionados al agente esclerosante y la realización de una pleurodesis óptima definida como la ausencia total de recidiva del derrame pleural o el derrame pleural que no requiere toracocentesis o una nueva colocación de tubo de drenaje. Resultados: 27 pacientes de un total de 38 cumplian con los criterios de inclusión y no de exclusión. Obteniéndose que la sobrevida total a seis meses fue de 37 por ciento. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al agente estudiado y la sobrevida. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de efectos adversos en los diferentes grupos. Al excluir a los fallecidos para cada grupo, la tetraciclina tuvo mejor efecto esclerosante siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: El derrame pleural maligno matastásico es un signo ominoso de la enfermedad. En este tipo de pacientesla tetraciclina demostró tener un mejor perfil como agente esclerosantem un número de efectos adversos comparables al otro agente o a la combinación y no demostró diferencias en cuanto a la sobrevida.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness and security of sclerosing agents used in tha management of metastatic malignant pleural effusion: tetracycline, bleomycin or the combination of both. Patient and methods: A prospective, sequential, comparative study was performed. All patients who required drainage tube placement followed by pleurodesis as management of metastatic malignant pleural effusion during the period from july to december 2006 were included. The agents to compare were tetracycline, bleomycin or the combined used of both. In all cases the prospective surveillance was made with a chest X - ray every 30 days in a 180 days period for each patient (august 2006 to june 2007). Data were analyzed comparing survival rate, adverse events related with the sclerosing agent and optimal pleurodesis defined as the complete absence of recurrent pleural effusion or pleural effusion that not requires thoracocentesis or a new drainage tube placement. Results: From a total of 38 patients, 27 filled the inclusion but not the exclusion criteria of the study. The survival rate at six months was of 37 per cent. There were no statistically significant differences between the studied agent and teh survival rate. No adverse events. After excluding those who had died in each group, tetracycline had the best sclerosing effect being this difference statistically significant. Conclusions: Metestatic malignant pleural effusion is an ominous sign of the disease. In this kind of patients, tetracycline had a better profile as sclerosing agent, the number of adverse events in comparison with the other agent or their combination showed no differences in the survival rate.

Teratoma imaturo de ovário na gestação: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Immature ovarian teratoma in pregnancy: case report and literature review

O teratoma imaturo de ovário é uma neoplasia maligna derivada de células embrionárias de diferenciação somática. Sua incidência é baixa, e rara em gestantes. Costuma se manifestar em pacientes jovens, sendo, frequentemente, assintomáticos. Relata-se aqui o caso de uma paciente de 21 anos que veio à consulta apresentando ecografia obstétrica de 25 semanas, com presença de massa anexial à esquerda. Uma nova ecografia, realizada dois dias após a primeira avaliação, revelou massa de aspecto heterogêneo, sólido-cístico, septada, com 9,4cm em seu maior diâmetro. Havia presença de líquido livre na cavidade abdominal, ocupada por formações teciduais de distribuição ampla. Duas semanas após a primeira consulta, foi submetida à laparotomia exploradora com salpingo-ooforectomia unilateral e ressecção de implantes peritoneais, obtendo citorredução ótima. O laudo histopatológico revelou teratoma imaturo de ovário grau III, com líquido de ascite negativo para células malignas. Realizados 3 ciclos de quimioterapia adjuvante, segundo protocolo BEP (bleomicina, etoposide e cisplatina), os dois primeiros com a gestação em curso. Com 36 semanas de gestação, iniciou-se a indução de trabalho de parto, com boa evolução. O recém-nascido apresentou um índice de Apgar de 8/8, sem sinais de danos secundários à quimioterapia. No momento, a paciente encontra-se assintomática e livre de doença no décimo quarto mês pós-operatório. Acredita-se que esse trabalho possa acrescentar ao conhecimento atual da doença, visto a raridade do caso e a escassa quantidade de literatura disponível.

Extensive deep vein thrombosis as a complication of testicular cancer treated with the BEP protocol (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin): case report

CONTEXT: There are no reports in the literature of massive deep venous thrombosis (DVT) associated with cisplatin, bleomycin and etoposide (BEP) cancer treatment. CASE REPORT: The patient was a 18-year-old adolescent with a nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the right testicle, with the presence of pulmonary, liver, and massive retroperitoneal metastases. Following radical orchiectomy, the patient started chemotherapy according to the BEP protocol (without routine prophylaxis for DVT). On day 4 of the first cycle, massive DVT was diagnosed, extending from both popliteal veins up to the thoracic segment of the inferior vena cava. Thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase was immediately started. On day 2 of thrombolytic therapy, the patient developed acute renal failure, due to extension of the thrombosis to the renal veins. Streptokinase was continued for six days and the outcome was remarkably favorable.

CONTEXTO: Não há relatos na literatura de trombose venosa profunda (TVP) extensa associada ao protocolo de quimioterapia cisplatina, bleomicina e etoposite (BEP). RELATO DO CASO: O paciente era um adolescente de 18 anos com um tumor germinativo não-seminomatoso no testículo direito, com metástases pulmonares, hepáticas e retroperitoneais. Após orquiectomia radical, o paciente começou a receber quimioterapia de acordo com o protocolo BEP (sem profilaxia rotineira para TVP). No quarto dia do ciclo, TVP massiva foi diagnosticada, estendendo-se das veias poplíteas até o segmento inferior da veia cava torácica. Tratamento trombolítico foi iniciado imediatamente com estreptoquinase. No segundo dia da terapia trombolítica, o paciente desenvolveu insuficiência renal aguda, devido ao acometimento das veias renais pela trombose. Estroptoquinase foi mantida por seis dias e o paciente teve evolução surpreendentemente favorável.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) as second malignancy after treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

Hodgkin's disease survivors are at an increased risk of developing second malignant neoplasms including secondary bone tumors. Common secondary bone tumors are osteogenic sarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Secondary primitive neuroectodermal tumor is extremely rare in this group. We present below, a rare case of secondary PNET in an 8-year-old child with Hodgkin's disease which developed unusually early outside the radiation portal and discuss potential factors responsible for its causation.

Childhood primary mesenteric seminoma.

We report an 11-year-old child who presented with an abdominal lump and was diagnosed as having an extragonal primary mesenteric seminoma. Patient was treated with 4 cycles of combination chemotherapy cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin; he is now disease free for 2 years. We discuss and review extragonadal germ cell tumors arising from the mesentery and their management.

Tumores germinativos do ovário: conduta / Germ cell ovary tumors: conduct

O artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre o manejo de tumores malignos de células germinativas do ovário, com especial atenção para o tratamento cirúrgico e adjuvante. Adicionalmente, discute a repercussão desta conduta no futuro reprodutivo e endocrinológico das pacientes.

This article reviews ovary germ cells malignant tumors management with special attention to surgical and adjuvant treatments. In addition, the consequence of these procedures on patient's reproduction and endocrinology are discussed.

Seminoma primário do mediastino / Primary mediastinal seminoma

O seminoma é um tumor maligno de células germinativas que possui como sitio primário preferencial os testículos, embora existam raros casos de localização extra-gonadal. Os autores relatam caso de seminoma primário de mediastino em paciente masculino, 26 anos de idade, que apresentava dispnéia progressiva, tosse seca, rouquidão, dor torácica eventual, obstrução óbvia da veia cava superior e massa volumosa e palpável no mediastino ântero-superior. O diagnóstico etiológico foi suspeitado pelos exames de imagem, anatomopatológico e marcadores séricos e firmado pelo estudo imuno-histoquimico. Não havia evidência de metástase à distância, mas o tumor estava localmente avançado. O tratamento proposto foi poliquimioterápico com esquema PEB (cispiatina, etoposide e bleomicina) e o paciente evoluiu sem maiores intercorrências.

The seminoma is a malignant germ cell tumor that is rarely placed in an extra-testicular position. A 26 years old male patient with primary mediastinal seminoma was studied. His symptoms were: progressive dyspnea, unproductive cough, hoarseness, occasional chest pain, obvious superior vena cava obstruction, and a huge and palpable mass located in the upper anterior mediastinum. Image exams, serum markers and histological study led to diagnosis, of seminoma which was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. There was no evidence of distant metastatic disease although it was locally advanced. After the beginning of the treatment with chemotherapy, the patient's symptoms were improved.

An unusual presentation of an intra-parenchymatous frontal yolk sac tumour : case report.

Yolk sac tumours are rare conditions among the germ cell tumours. Intracerebral germ cell tumours are exceedingly rare. A 15 year old girl presenting with a one week history of raised intracranial pressure is described. She had bilateral papilloedema and a right 6th nerve palsy. CT scan showed an intra-parenchymatous right frontal ring enhancing lesion of 2 cms diameter. The patient underwent microsurgical total excision of the tumour, followed by chemotherapy. She was asymptomatic at three years following surgery.

Secuelas pulmonares del tratamiento de la enfermedad de Hodgkin / Pulmonary sequelae of therapy for Hodgkin´s disease

En las últimas décadas se ha producido un incremento en la sobrevida de las enfermedades malignas pediátricas. En la enfermedad de Hodgkin (EH) esta ha alcanzado el 90 por ciento, sin embargo la morbilidad secundaria al tratamiento persiste. Objetivos: determinar la incidencia de enfermedad pulmonar secundaria al tratamiento de la EH en pacientes pediátricos que reciben el protocolo COPP/ABV. Material y métodos: desde el año 1996 gasta el 2000 se diagnosticaron 55 pacientes con diagnóstico de EH que fueron enrolados en este protocolo. Se incluyeron en el estudio 22 pacientes con estudio funcional respiratorio completo. Los pacientes se dividieron en cuatro estadios y estos en A o B de acuerdo a si presentaron síntomas o no al momento del diagnóstico. Las drogas utilizadas fueron Vincristina, Ciclofosfamida. Procarbazina, Prednisona, Doxorrubicina, Bleomicina y Vinblastina. En todos los pacientes se realizaron pruebas de función pulmonar completas. Resultados: se estudiaron 22 pacientes con EH desde el punto de vista respiratorio. Once varones, edad x 12.1 (r6.1 -16.4); 3 pacientes fueron estadio 1.7 estadio II, 2 estadio III y 10 estadio IV. Todos recibieron quimioterapia (QMT) y 13 además radioterapia (RDT). La CVF estubo disminuida en forma significativa en 1/22 luego del 4º ciclo, en 4/22 la DLCO disminuyó más del 20 por ciento, y la CPT presentó caída en 1/22. De los pacientes que recibieron RDT, 10 completaron los estudios funcionales, 6/10 presentaron disminución de la CVF y 4/10 de la DLCO y la CPT. Conclusión: la quimioterapia y la radioterapia producen morbilidad pulmonar. Nosotros creemos necesario monitorear la toxicidad pulmonar mediante pruebas de función pulmonar seriadas en los niños con EH.

Quimiterapia neoadyuvante en pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide de cérvix estadio IB2 y IIA: resultados preliminares de un estudio aleatorizado / Neoadyuvant chemotherapy in patients with cervical carcinoma stages IB2 and IIA: preliminary results in aletorized study

Antecedentes. El cáncer de cérvix es el tumor maligno más frecuente en México. Estudios fase II de quimioterapia neoadyuvante seguida de cirugía en pacientes con estadios clínicos IB2 y IIA sugieren un beneficio en cuanto a control local y supervivencia en comparación con radioterapia sola. Objetivo. Determinar si la quimioterapia neoadyuvante seguida de cirugía mejora la supervivencia en comparación a radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer epidermoide de cérvix estadios IB2 y IIA. Pacientes y métodos. Pacientes en estadios IB2 y IIA de acuerdo a la clasificación de la Federación Internacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FIGO) fueron asignadas de manera aleatoria para recibir quimioterapia neoadyuvante con el siguiente esquema: cisplatino 50 mg/m2 d1, vincristina 1.5 mg/m2 d1 y bleomicina 20 mg/m2 d1, d2 y d3 (PVB) en infusión intravenosa continua. Los ciclos se administraron cada 10 días por tres veces. Después de la quimioterapia, las pacientes fueron sometidas a histerectomía radical y linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral. Se administró radioterapia adyuvante en caso de ganglios pélvicos positivos; afección parametrial; margen quirúrgico positivo e invasión estromal mayor de dos tercios del espesor cervical. Las pacientes del brazo de radioterapia recibieron una combinación de teleterapia y braquiterapia a una dosis de 8,500 y 5,500 cGy a los puntos A y B, respectivamente. Resultados. El estudio fue planeado para incluir 80 pacientes por brazo, pero se terminó de manera prematura por lo que sólo se incluyeron 20 enfermas (10 por brazo). La respuesta global a la quimioterapia fue del 90 por ciento y nueve de ellas fueron sometidas a cirugía. Nueve de las diez pacientes asignadas a radiación que completaron el tratamiento obtuvieron respuesta completa. El tratamiento fue bien tolerado en ambos grupos de mujeres. A un seguimiento máximo de 14 meses, una paciente en cada brazo ha recaído. Conclusión. Los resultados preliminares de este estudio sugieren que la quimioterapia neoadyuvante con PVB es factible, produce alto índice de respuestas y parece disminuir la presencia de factores patológicos de alto riesgo para recurrencia.

Papel de la quimioterapia en el tratamiento del carcinoma cervicouterino / Role of the chemotherapy in the cervical carcinoma treatment

El carcinoma cervicouterino es la neoplasia más frecuente en México. Pese a los esfuerzos de detección temprana en nuestro país, la tasa de mortalidad permanece sin modificaciones importantes. La radioterapia y cirugía son las modalidades terapéuticas primarias; sin embargo, la quimioterapia cada vez está siendo más utilizada. En la enfermedad metastásica o recurrente, el cisplatino continua siendo la droga más efectiva; sin embargo, los resultados del tratamiento con quimioterapia no han podido mejorarse y la mediana de supervivencia permanece sin cambios. Por lo tanto, es necesario seguir ensayando nuevas combinaciones y nuevas drogas. La quimioterapia adyuvante con o sin radioterapia secuencial en estadios clínicos tempranos de alto riesgo no ha mostrado ser útil. En estadios localmente avanzados (IIB a IVA) la quimioterapia neoadyuvante seguida de radioterapia no es mejor que la radioterapia sola, mientras que la neoadyuvancia seguida de cirugía es una modalidad muy prometedora tanto en tumores tempranos (IB2 a IIA) como localmente avanzados. Estudios recientes de quimio-radioterapia concomitante tanto de manera adyuvante o como tratamiento definitivo demuestran la superioridad de este tratamiento al compararlo con radioterapia estándar. En conclusión, a pesar de que el uso de quimioterapia neoadyuvante o adyuvante en el carcinoma cervicouterino sigue siendo experimental, parece ser una modalidad prometedora. El tratamiento óptimo de estas pacientes aún está por definirse, por lo tanto debe alentarse la participación de las enfermas en estudios clínicos que evalúen las diversas modalidades terapéuticas. Para las pacientes que por algún motivo se traten fuera de protocolos clínicos y requieran radioterapia, los estudios sugieren que deben recibir quimioterapia concomitante con la radioterapia.